Monkey Grass Selector | 20+ Varieties • Spacing & Growing Guide

🌿 Monkey Grass Border Selector

20+ Varieties • Spacing & Growing Guide • 50+ Ground Cover Plants

20+ Monkey Grass Varieties

🌿 LIRIOPE MUSCARI - CLUMPING TYPES (13 Varieties)

🌾 LIRIOPE SPICATA - CREEPING/SPREADING TYPES (3 Varieties)

🖤 MONDO GRASS - OPHIOPOGON TYPES (4 Varieties)

📊 QUICK REFERENCE GUIDE

BEST FOR BORDERS: Big Blue, Variegata, Silver Dragon, Monroe White
BEST GROUND COVER: Liriope Spicata, Franklin Mint, Ophiopogon Japonicus
BEST FOR SMALL AREAS: Dwarf Mondo, Nana, Silver Dragon
BEST DECORATIVE: Black Mondo, Peedee Ingot, Okina, Silver Dragon
TALLEST VARIETIES: Evergreen Giant, Majestic, Standard Liriope Spicata
SHORTEST VARIETIES: Dwarf Mondo, Nana (2–4 inches)

Find Your Perfect Monkey Grass Variety

Primary Use

Desired Height

Foliage Style

Growing Pattern

Plant Spacing & Growth Rate Guide

📏 MONKEY GRASS PLANTING SPACING CHART

For Dense Coverage in 1 Year:
• Small varieties (2–4"): Space 6–8 inches apart
• Short varieties (8–12"): Space 8–12 inches apart
• Medium varieties (12–18"): Space 12–18 inches apart
• Tall varieties (18–24"): Space 18–24 inches apart

For Average Coverage in 2 Years:
• Add 6 inches to spacing above
• Example: Medium (12–18") = 18–24" spacing

Variety	Height	Spacing (dense)	Spacing (average)	Growth Rate	Mature Width
Big Blue	12–18"	12–15"	18–21"	Moderate	12–18"
Dwarf Mondo	2–4"	6–8"	12–15"	Slow	4–6"
Evergreen Giant	18–24"	18–24"	24–30"	Moderate-Fast	18–24"
Liriope Spicata	8–15"	12–18"	18–24"	Fast	12–24"
Black Mondo	6–10"	8–12"	12–18"	Moderate	8–15"
Silver Dragon	8–12"	10–12"	15–18"	Moderate	10–15"
Nana (Mondo)	2–3"	4–6"	8–12"	Slow	3–5"
Peedee Ingot	12–18"	12–15"	18–24"	Moderate	12–18"

📈 GROWTH RATE COMPARISON

FAST GROWERS (Cover in 1 year):
• Liriope Spicata (spreading)
• Majestic
• Evergreen Giant

MODERATE GROWERS (Cover in 1–2 years):
• Big Blue
• Black Mondo
• Royal Purple
• Silver Dragon
• Peedee Ingot

SLOW GROWERS (Cover in 2+ years):
• Dwarf Mondo
• Nana
• Okina
• Isabella

FACTORS AFFECTING GROWTH:
✓ Sun exposure (more sun = faster growth)
✓ Soil quality (rich soil = faster growth)
✓ Water (consistent moisture = faster growth)
✓ Temperature (warmer zones = faster growth)
✓ Fertilizer (monthly feeding = faster growth)

50+ Companion Ground Cover Plants

🌾 SHADE TOLERANT GROUND COVERS (12+ Options)

1. Ajuga (Ajuga reptans) - Purple flowers, fast-spreading | 3–6" | $2–$5
2. Creeping Thyme (Thymus praecox) - Aromatic, flowers | 2–4" | $3–$7
3. Vinca Minor (Periwinkle) - Blue flowers, evergreen | 3–6" | $2–$5
4. Japanese Spurge (Pachysandra) - Glossy foliage | 6–12" | $3–$6
5. Creeping Phlox - Pink/white flowers | 4–6" | $3–$7
6. Lamium (Dead Nettle) - Silver foliage, flowers | 6–12" | $2–$5
7. Lysichiton (Skunk Cabbage) - Bold foliage | 12–18" | $5–$10
8. Heuchera (Coral Bells) - Colorful foliage | 8–18" | $4–$10
9. Epimedium - Delicate flowers | 8–12" | $4–$9
10. Asarum (Wild Ginger) - Heart-shaped leaves | 6–12" | $4–$8
11. Liriope (Monkey Grass) - Purple flowers | 8–18" | $2–$8
12. Mondo Grass (Ophiopogon) - Fine texture | 6–10" | $2–$5

☀️ SUNNY GROUND COVERS (12+ Options)

13. Sedum (Stonecrop) - Succulent, colorful | 3–12" | $3–$8
14. Creeping Juniper - Evergreen, various colors | 6–24" | $5–$15
15. Lamb's Ear (Stachys) - Silver, soft foliage | 12–18" | $3–$7
16. Armeria (Sea Thrift) - Pink flowers | 6–12" | $3–$7
17. Bergenia - Large leaves, pink flowers | 12–18" | $4–$10
18. Dianthus (Pinks) - Fragrant flowers | 6–12" | $2–$6
19. Cerastium (Mouse Ear) - Silver foliage | 6–12" | $2–$5
20. Sempervivum (Hens & Chicks) - Colorful succulents | 3–12" | $3–$8
21. Arabis (Rockcress) - White flowers | 6–12" | $2–$6
22. Thymus (Thyme varieties) - Aromatic | 2–12" | $2–$6
23. Phlox Subulata (Moss Pink) - Colorful flowers | 4–6" | $3–$7
24. Catmint (Nepeta) - Lavender flowers | 12–18" | $3–$7

💧 WET/MOIST GROUND COVERS (10+ Options)

25. Houttuynia cordata - Heart-shaped leaves | 12–18" | $3–$7
26. Ajuga (in moist areas) - Spreads quickly | 3–6" | $2–$5
27. Astilbe - Feathery plumes, pink/red | 12–24" | $4–$10
28. Hosta (dwarf) - Shade-loving | 6–12" | $4–$10
29. Carex (Sedge) - Grass-like | 8–18" | $3–$8
30. Lyssichiton (Skunk Cabbage) - Dramatic foliage | 12–18" | $5–$10
31. Rodgersia - Bold architectural leaves | 18–36" | $6–$15
32. Soleirolia (Baby Tears) - Delicate, fine texture | 2–4" | $4–$8
33. Mazus - Purple flowers, spreads | 1–2" | $2–$5
34. Hydrocotyle (Penny Wort) - Round leaves | 6–12" | $3–$7

🌸 FLOWERING GROUND COVERS (12+ Options)

35. Geranium (Cranesbill) - Pink/purple flowers | 12–24" | $4–$10
36. Veronica - Blue/purple flowers | 6–12" | $3–$7
37. Saxifrage - Delicate flowers | 6–12" | $4–$9
38. Campanula (Bellflower) - Purple bells | 6–12" | $3–$7
39. Achillea (Yarrow) - Clusters of flowers | 12–18" | $3–$7
40. Coreopsis - Yellow flowers | 12–18" | $3–$7
41. Phlox (creeping) - Multiple colors | 4–12" | $3–$7
42. Salvia (Sage) - Purple/blue flowers | 12–18" | $4–$9
43. Delosperma (Ice Plant) - Succulent flowers | 2–6" | $3–$8
44. Dianthus (Cottage Pink) - Fragrant | 6–12" | $2–$6
45. Echinops (Globe Thistle) - Blue globes | 12–24" | $4–$10
46. Penstemon - Tubular flowers | 6–12" | $3–$8

🎨 FOLIAGE GROUND COVERS (10+ Options)

47. Heuchera (Coral Bells) - Purple/burgundy leaves | 8–18" | $4–$10
48. Coleus (annual) - Colorful leaves | 12–24" | $2–$6
49. Alternanthera - Colorful foliage | 6–12" | $2–$5
50. Ajuga Atropurpurea - Dark purple leaves | 3–6" | $3–$7

📊 COMPANION PLANTING COMBINATIONS

SHADE GARDEN COMBO:
• Monkey Grass (center) + Ajuga (border) + Heuchera (accent)

SUNNY BORDER COMBO:
• Mondo Grass (center) + Sedum (sides) + Dianthus (front)

WET AREA COMBO:
• Liriope (center) + Astilbe (back) + Carex (sides)

TEXTURE COMBO:
• Monkey Grass (fine) + Bergenia (large) + Lamb's Ear (soft)

Complete Monkey Grass Selection Guide: 20+ Varieties with Uses, Spacing & Growth Rates

Choose the Right Monkey Grass: Comprehensive Guide to Liriope and Mondo Grass Varieties

Monkey grass provides excellent ground cover, edging, and border solutions for landscapes. This comprehensive guide covers all major Monkey Grass Varieties: Liriope Muscari (clumping types), Liriope Spicata (spreading types), and Ophiopogon (mondo grass types), including spacing requirements, growth rates, and complete landscaping recommendations. Quick tip: For sunny spots or dry soil, choose a Liriope Muscari or sun-tolerant mondo grass. For deep shade, opt for standard or dwarf mondo grass or Liriope Spicata for fast-growing, tough ground cover. Compact varieties suit small areas or borders. Match the sun, soil, and space to the variety for the best results.

Whether you need erosion control, decorative borders, or shade ground cover, this guide helps you select the perfect monkey grass variety for your landscape design and growing conditions.

Step-by-step selection example:

Suppose you want to cover a shady slope to prevent erosion. Start by identifying your site conditions: heavy shade and a sloped area that might wash out. In this scenario, Liriope Spicata is an ideal choice because it thrives in full shade, spreads rapidly by rhizomes, and is highly effective for erosion control. Space the plants 12-18 inches apart to encourage quick coverage, and install a border or edge to keep them from spreading beyond the slope. Water regularly for the first season, then enjoy a low-maintenance, tough ground cover that will stabilize your hillside for years to come.

ALL MONKEY GRASS VARIETIES EXPLAINED (20+ VARIETIES)

SECTION 1: LIRIOPE MUSCARI (CLUMPING TYPES)

1. BIG BLUE LIRIOPE

Scientific Name: Liriope muscari ‘Big Blue.’

Description: The most popular clumping monkey grass variety with robust blue-purple flower spikes and deep green foliage.

Characteristics:

Height: 12-18 inches
Width: 12-18 inches
Growth Type: Clumping (mounding)
Foliage Color: Deep green
Flower Color: Blue-purple spikes
Bloom Time: Late summer to fall
Hardiness: USDA Zones 5-10
Growth Rate: Moderate (12-18 inches per year)
Spacing: 12-18 inches apart

Uses:

Borders and edging
Mass plantings
Foundation plantings
Landscape accents
Pollinator gardens

Growing Conditions:

Sun: Full sun to part shade
Soil: Well-draining, average to poor
Water: Drought-tolerant once established
Maintenance: Low (minimal pruning)

Advantages:

Very popular, readily available
Robust and reliable
Beautiful blue flowers
Attracts butterflies and bees
Extremely hardy
Long-blooming season

Disadvantages:

Can self-seed (deadhead to prevent)
May not perform in deep shade
Takes 2-3 years to mature
Can become leggy if not pruned

Lifespan: 10-20+ years

2. VARIEGATA LIRIOPE

Scientific Name: Liriope muscari ‘Variegata.’

Description: Striking variegated foliage with cream and green stripes, smaller flowers than the Big Blue variety.

Characteristics:

Height: 10-15 inches
Width: 10-15 inches
Growth Type: Clumping
Foliage Color: Cream and green variegated
Flower Color: Purple spikes
Bloom Time: Late summer to fall
Hardiness: USDA Zones 5-10
Growth Rate: Moderate (10-15 inches per year)
Spacing: 10-15 inches apart

Uses:

Decorative borders
Contrast planting
Shaded areas
Foliage interest
Specimen plantings

Growing Conditions:

Sun: Part shade (color more vibrant)
Soil: Well-draining
Water: Drought-tolerant once established
Maintenance: Low to moderate

Advantages:

Dramatic variegated foliage
Excellent contrast plant
Shade tolerant
Long season interest

Disadvantages:

Less vigorous than Big Blue
Foliage can scorch in hot sun
Slower growing
Color requires adequate light

Lifespan: 10-15 years

3. EVERGREEN GIANT LIRIOPE

Scientific Name: Liriope muscari ‘Evergreen Giant.’

Description: The largest clumping variety with impressive size and dramatic presence in landscapes.

Characteristics:

Height: 18-24 inches
Width: 18-24 inches
Growth Type: Clumping (large mounding)
Foliage Color: Deep green
Flower Color: Purple spikes
Bloom Time: Late summer to fall
Hardiness: USDA Zones 5-10
Growth Rate: Moderate (15-20 inches per year)
Spacing: 18-24 inches apart

Uses:

Large borders
Focal landscaping points
Foundation plantings
Mass plantings
Landscape structure

Growing Conditions:

Sun: Full sun to part shade
Soil: Well-draining
Water: Drought-tolerant once established
Maintenance: Moderate (pruning for shape)

Advantages:

Largest monkey grass variety
Makes a bold landscape statement
Excellent for structure
Durable and hardy

Disadvantages:

Requires more space
Takes longer to fill in
Needs regular pruning
Slower initial growth

Lifespan: 10-20+ years

4. ROYAL PURPLE LIRIOPE

Scientific Name: Liriope muscari ‘Royal Purple.’

Description: Distinguished by exceptionally dark purple flowers creating a rich color contrast.

Characteristics:

Height: 12-18 inches
Width: 12-15 inches
Growth Type: Clumping
Foliage Color: Medium green
Flower Color: Deep royal purple
Bloom Time: Late summer to fall
Hardiness: USDA Zones 5-10
Growth Rate: Moderate (12-15 inches per year)
Spacing: 12-15 inches apart

Uses:

Flower beds
Color highlights
Ornamental plantings
Pollinator gardens
Mixed borders

Growing Conditions:

Sun: Full sun to part shade
Soil: Well-draining
Water: Drought-tolerant once established
Maintenance: Low to moderate

Advantages:

Exceptional flower color
Very ornamental
Attracts pollinators
Long bloom period

Disadvantages:

Less available than Big Blue
Slightly less vigorous
Takes time to establish

Lifespan: 10-15 years

5. SILVER DRAGON LIRIOPE

Scientific Name: Liriope muscari ‘Silver Dragon.’

Description: Compact variety with silvery-striped foliage, perfect for shade gardens and tight spaces.

Characteristics:

Height: 8-12 inches
Width: 8-12 inches
Growth Type: Clumping (compact)
Foliage Color: Silver and green striped
Flower Color: Pale purple flowers
Bloom Time: Late summer
Hardiness: USDA Zones 5-10
Growth Rate: Slow to moderate (8-12 inches per year)
Spacing: 8-12 inches apart

Uses:

Shade gardens
Decorative edging
Small spaces
Foliage interest
Specimen plantings

Growing Conditions:

Sun: Part to full shade
Soil: Well-draining, slightly moist
Water: Regular watering (more than other types)
Maintenance: Low

Advantages:

Excellent shade performer
Compact size
Beautiful variegated foliage
Unique appearance

Disadvantages:

Requires more moisture
Slower growing
Less hardy in extreme cold
More expensive

Lifespan: 8-12 years

6. MONROE WHITE LIRIOPE

Scientific Name: Liriope muscari ‘Monroe White.’

Description: Distinctive white-flowering monkey grass provides color contrast in landscapes.

Characteristics:

Height: 12-18 inches
Width: 12-15 inches
Growth Type: Clumping
Foliage Color: Dark green
Flower Color: Pure white
Bloom Time: Late summer to fall
Hardiness: USDA Zones 5-10
Growth Rate: Moderate (12-15 inches per year)
Spacing: 12-15 inches apart

Uses:

White flower gardens
Color contrast
Moon gardens
Evening displays
Ornamental plantings

Growing Conditions:

Sun: Full sun to part shade
Soil: Well-draining
Water: Drought-tolerant once established
Maintenance: Low to moderate

Advantages:

Unique white flowers
Excellent contrast plant
Very ornamental
Good for color schemes

Disadvantages:

Less common than purple varieties
Slightly less vigorous
Higher cost
Moderate availability

Lifespan: 10-15 years

7. SUPER BLUE LIRIOPE

Scientific Name: Liriope muscari ‘Super Blue.’

Description: Enhanced blue-flowering variety with brighter, more prolific flower display than standard Big Blue.

Characteristics:

Height: 12-18 inches
Width: 12-15 inches
Growth Type: Clumping
Foliage Color: Medium green
Flower Color: Bright blue-purple
Bloom Time: Late summer to fall
Hardiness: USDA Zones 5-10
Growth Rate: Moderate (12-15 inches per year)
Spacing: 12-15 inches apart

Uses:

Bright flower displays
Color borders
Mass plantings
Ornamental plantings
Pollinator gardens

Growing Conditions:

Sun: Full sun to part shade
Soil: Well-draining
Water: Drought-tolerance established
Maintenance: Low

Advantages:

Bright flower color
Prolific flowering
Very ornamental
Similar to Big Blue but with superior flowers

Disadvantages:

Slightly more expensive
Less available than Big Blue
More prone to self-seeding

Lifespan: 10-20 years

8. OKINA LIRIOPE

Scientific Name: Liriope muscari ‘Okina.’

Description: Japanese variety with unique cream-edged foliage and subtle flowers.

Characteristics:

Height: 10-15 inches
Width: 10-12 inches
Growth Type: Clumping
Foliage Color: Cream edges, green centers
Flower Color: Pale purple
Bloom Time: Late summer
Hardiness: USDA Zones 5-10
Growth Rate: Slow to moderate (10-12 inches per year)
Spacing: 10-12 inches apart

Uses:

Unique foliage landscaping
Decorative edging
Shade gardens
Specimen plantings
Japanese gardens

Growing Conditions:

Sun: Part shade (color best)
Soil: Well-draining
Water: Regular watering
Maintenance: Low

Advantages:

Unique foliage pattern
Ornamental year-round
Excellent for design interest
Shade tolerant

Disadvantages:

Expensive
Slower growing
Less hardy than others
More care requirements
Limited availability

Lifespan: 8-12 years

9. MAJESTIC LIRIOPE

Scientific Name: Liriope muscari ‘Majesti.c.’

Description: Large, vigorous variety with an impressive presence, suitable for expansive landscapes.

Characteristics:

Height: 15-24 inches
Width: 15-20 inches
Growth Type: Clumping (large)
Foliage Color: Deep green
Flower Color: Purple spikes
Bloom Time: Late summer to fall
Hardiness: USDA Zones 5-10
Growth Rate: Moderate to fast (15-20 inches per year)
Spacing: 18-24 inches apart

Uses:

Large landscape areas
Bold plantings
Focal points
Foundation plantings
Mass plantings

Growing Conditions:

Sun: Full sun to part shade
Soil: Well-draining
Water: Drought-tolerant once established
Maintenance: Moderate

Advantages:

Large impressive size
Vigorous growing
Makes a bold statement
Durable

Disadvantages:

Requires significant space
Needs regular maintenance
Expensive per plant
Limited availability

Lifespan: 10-20+ years

10. ISABELLA LIRIOPE

Scientific Name: Liriope muscari ‘Isabella.’

Description: Compact, reliable variety ideal for flower beds and smaller border applications.

Characteristics:

Height: 10-15 inches
Width: 10-12 inches
Growth Type: Clumping (compact)
Foliage Color: Medium green
Flower Color: Purple-blue flowers
Bloom Time: Late summer to fall
Hardiness: USDA Zones 5-10
Growth Rate: Slow to moderate (10-12 inches per year)
Spacing: 10-12 inches apart

Uses:

Flower beds
Borders
Edging
Small spaces
Container plantings

Growing Conditions:

Sun: Full sun to part shade
Soil: Well-draining
Water: Drought-tolerant established
Maintenance: Low

Advantages:

Compact size perfect for borders
Reliable performer
Good flowering
Easy to grow

Disadvantages:

Less common
Slower growing
Takes time to fill in
Limited availability

Lifespan: 10-15 years

11. SILVERY SUNPROOF LIRIOPE

Scientific Name: Liriope muscari ‘Silvery Sunproof.’

Description: Silvery-variegated foliage that maintains color even in sunny locations.

Characteristics:

Height: 10-14 inches
Width: 10-12 inches
Growth Type: Clumping
Foliage Color: Silver and green variegated
Flower Color: Purple flowers
Bloom Time: Late summer
Hardiness: USDA Zones 5-10
Growth Rate: Moderate (10-12 inches per year)
Spacing: 10-12 inches apart

Uses:

Sunny areas
Variegated displays
Decorative planting
Foliage interest
Mixed borders

Growing Conditions:

Sun: Full sun to part shade
Soil: Well-draining
Water: Drought-tolerant established
Maintenance: Low to moderate

Advantages:

Silvery foliage in the sun
Unique variegated appearance
Color doesn’t scorch
Excellent contrast plant

Disadvantages:

More expensive
Moderate vigor
Takes time to establish
Less common

Lifespan: 8-12 years

12. PEEDEE INGOT LIRIOPE

Scientific Name: Liriope muscari ‘Peedee Ingot.’

Description: Golden-yellow foliage provides exceptional color contrast in landscape designs.

Characteristics:

Height: 12-18 inches
Width: 12-15 inches
Growth Type: Clumping
Foliage Color: Golden-yellow (cooler weather)
Flower Color: Purple spikes
Bloom Time: Late summer to fall
Hardiness: USDA Zones 5-10
Growth Rate: Moderate (12-15 inches per year)
Spacing: 12-15 inches apart

Uses:

Golden foliage contrast
Color accent plantings
Ornamental beds
Mixed borders
Specimen plantings

Growing Conditions:

Sun: Full sun to part shade
Soil: Well-draining
Water: Drought-tolerant once established
Maintenance: Moderate

Advantages:

Unique golden foliage
Excellent color contrast
Ornamental value
Distinct appearance

Disadvantages:

Expensive
Foliage color is less golden in shade
Takes time to establish
Less hardy than others
Limited availability

Lifespan: 8-12 years

13. CHRISTMAS TREE LIRIOPE

Scientific Name: Liriope muscari ‘Christmas Tree.’

Description: Distinctive mounding form resembling a Christmas tree, offering a unique ornamental shape.

Characteristics:

Height: 12-18 inches
Width: 12-15 inches
Growth Type: Clumping (distinctive mound)
Foliage Color: Dark green
Flower Color: Purple spikes
Bloom Time: Late summer to fall
Hardiness: USDA Zones 5-10
Growth Rate: Moderate (12-15 inches per year)
Spacing: 12-15 inches apart

Uses:

Ornamental landscaping
Specimen plantings
Unique form of plants
Garden structure
Focal points

Growing Conditions:

Sun: Full sun to part shade
Soil: Well-draining
Water: Drought-tolerant once established
Maintenance: Moderate (shaping)

Advantages:

Unique pyramidal form
Ornamental shape
Distinctive appearance
Good structure plant

Disadvantages:

Requires shaping
More expensive
Less common
Needs pruning to maintain form

Lifespan: 10-15 years

LIRIOPE SPICATA (SPREADING TYPES)

14. LIRIOPE SPICATA (STANDARD)

Scientific Name: Liriope spicata

Description: The species forms a spreading ground cover with excellent erosion control.

Characteristics:

Height: 8-15 inches
Width: Spreads indefinitely via rhizomes
Growth Type: Spreading/running
Foliage Color: Medium green
Flower Color: Pale purple spikes
Bloom Time: Summer
Hardiness: USDA Zones 4-9
Growth Rate: Fast (12-24 inches per year)
Spacing: 12-18 inches apart (covers quickly)

Uses:

Ground cover
Erosion control
Large area coverage
Slope stabilization
Mass plantings

Growing Conditions:

Sun: Full sun to full shade
Soil: Well-draining or moist
Water: Drought-tolerant once established
Maintenance: Moderate (control spreading)

Advantages:

Excellent ground cover
Fast growing/filling
Shade and sun-tolerant
Erosion control
Affordable
Very hardy

Disadvantages:

Spreads aggressively (can be invasive)
Requires containment
Less ornamental than Muscari
Harder to control in beds
Self-seeds readily

Lifespan: 15-25+ years

15. FRANKLIN MINT LIRIOPE

Scientific Name: Liriope spicata ‘Franklin Mint.’

Description: Variegated spreading type combining ground cover function with decorative foliage.

Characteristics:

Height: 8-12 inches
Width: Spreads via rhizomes
Growth Type: Spreading
Foliage Color: Cream and green variegated
Flower Color: Purple spikes
Bloom Time: Summer
Hardiness: USDA Zones 4-9
Growth Rate: Moderate (15-18 inches per year)
Spacing: 12-15 inches apart

Uses:

Variegated ground cover
Slope coverage
Large area planting
Ornamental spreading
Mixed plantings

Growing Conditions:

Sun: Part shade (color best)
Soil: Well-draining
Water: Drought-tolerant established
Maintenance: Moderate

Advantages:

Variegated foliage
Ground cover function
Color interest
Moderate spread rate
Affordable

Disadvantages:

Slower than standard Spicata
Color may fade in the sun
Takes longer to fill in
Less common

Lifespan: 12-20 years

16. ALBA LIRIOPE

Scientific Name: Liriope spicata ‘Alba.’

Description: White-flowering,g spreading ground cover providing color contrast in the landscape.

Characteristics:

Height: 10-15 inches
Width: Spreads via rhizomes
Growth Type: Spreading
Foliage Color: Medium green
Flower Color: Pure white flowers
Bloom Time: Summer
Hardiness: USDA Zones 4-9
Growth Rate: Moderate to fast (15-20 inches per year)
Spacing: 12-18 inches apart

Uses:

White flower ground cover
Color contrast plantings
Large area coverage
Slope stabilization
Moon gardens

Growing Conditions:

Sun: Full sun to part shade
Soil: Well-draining
Water: Drought-tolerant once established
Maintenance: Moderate

Advantages:

Unique white flowers
Ground cover function
Good spreading rate
Color contrast
Hardy

Disadvantages:

Less common than purple varieties
Self-seeds readily
Spreads aggressively
Requires containment
Moderate cost

Lifespan: 15-25 years

OPHIOPOGON (MONDO GRASS TYPES)

17. OPHIOPOGON JAPONICUS (MONDO GRASS – STANDARD)

Scientific Name: Ophiopogon japonicus

Description: The standard mondo grass variety, smaller and more refined than monkey grass, with excellent lawn alternative uses.

Characteristics:

Height: 6-10 inches
Width: Spreads slowly via rhizomes
Growth Type: Slowly spreading
Foliage Color: Deep green, fine-textured
Flower Color: Pale purple flowers
Fruits: Blue-black berries
Bloom Time: Summer
Hardiness: USDA Zones 5-10
Growth Rate: Slow (6-12 inches per year)
Spacing: 6-8 inches apart

Uses:

Lawn alternative
Edging
Pathways
Shade ground cover
Fine-textured beds

Growing Conditions:

Sun: Full sun to full shade
Soil: Well-draining
Water: Regular watering for the best appearance
Maintenance: Low (mow 1-2 times yearly)

Advantages:

Fine texture
Excellent in shade
Slower spreading (more controllable)
Durable and long-lived
Low maintenance
Very attractive

Disadvantages:

Slower to fill in
More expensive per plant
Requires regular watering initially
Takes time to establish
Slow growth rate

Lifespan: 20-30+ years

18. DWARF MONDO GRASS

Scientific Name: Ophiopogon japonicus ‘Compactus’ or ‘Dwarf.’

Description: Miniature mondo grass variety ideal for small spaces and detailed landscape designs.

Characteristics:

Height: 2-4 inches
Width: Slowly spreading
Growth Type: Slowly spreading (minimal)
Foliage Color: Deep green, fine-textured
Flower Color: Purple flowers
Bloom Time: Summer
Hardiness: USDA Zones 5-10
Growth Rate: Very slow (3-6 inches per year)
Spacing: 4-6 inches apart

Uses:

Small spaces
Pathways between pavers
Miniature gardens
Decorative edging
Container plantings

Growing Conditions:

Sun: Full sun to full shade
Soil: Well-draining
Water: Regular watering
Maintenance: Very low

Advantages:

Miniature size is perfect for small areas
Very slow spreading (controllable)
Fine texture
Excellent in detail plantings
Durable

Disadvantages:

Very slow growth rate
Expensive per plant (small plants)
Requires regular watering
Takes very long to fill in
Limited availability

Lifespan: 15-25 years

19. BLACK MONDO GRASS (NIGRESCENS)

Scientific Name: Ophiopogon japonicus ‘Nigrescens’ or ‘Black Mondo.’

Description: Striking dark purple-black foliage provides dramatic contrast in modern landscapes.

Characteristics:

Height: 6-10 inches
Width: Slowly spreading
Growth Type: Slowly spreading
Foliage Color: Dark purple-black
Flower Color: Pale pink or white
Bloom Time: Summer
Hardiness: USDA Zones 5-10
Growth Rate: Slow (6-10 inches per year)
Spacing: 6-8 inches apart

Uses:

Contrast landscaping
Modern gardens
Dark foliage plantings
Specimen plantings
Design statements

Growing Conditions:

Sun: Full sun to part shade (color best)
Soil: Well-draining
Water: Regular watering
Maintenance: Low to moderate

Advantages:

Dramatic dark foliage
Unique appearance
Excellent contrast plant
Modern aesthetic
Long-lived

Disadvantages:

Expensive
Slower growing
Requires regular watering
Less shade-tolerant
Takes time to establish
Limited availability

Lifespan: 15-25 years

20. OPHIOPOGON JAPONICUS ‘NANA’ (MINI MONDO)

Scientific Name: Ophiopogon japonicus ‘Nana’

Description: Ultra-miniature mondo grass variety, the smallest available for intricate landscape designs.

Characteristics:

Height: 2-3 inches
Width: Minimal spreading
Growth Type: Very slowly spreading
Foliage Color: Deep green
Flower Color: Purple flowers
Bloom Time: Summer
Hardiness: USDA Zones 5-10
Growth Rate: Extremely slow (2-4 inches per year)
Spacing: 3-4 inches apart

Uses:

Mini lawns
Decorative ground cover
Between pavers
Miniature gardens
Detail plantings
Container gardens

Growing Conditions:

Sun: Full sun to full shade
Soil: Well-draining
Water: Regular watering
Maintenance: Very low

Advantages:

Ultra-miniature size
Perfect for detail work
Minimal spread
Fine texture
Ornamental value

Disadvantages:

Extremely slow-growing
Very expensive per plant
Requires regular watering
Takes years to fill in
Limited availability
Fragile

Lifespan: 12-20 years

COMPREHENSIVE COMPARISON TABLES

MONKEY GRASS VARIETIES QUICK REFERENCE

Variety	Type	Height	Width	Growth Rate	Spacing	Hardiness
Big Blue	Muscari	12-18″	12-18″	Moderate	12-18″	Z5-10
Variegata	Muscari	10-15″	10-15″	Moderate	10-15″	Z5-10
Evergreen Giant	Muscari	18-24″	18-24″	Moderate	18-24″	Z5-10
Royal Purple	Muscari	12-18″	12-15″	Moderate	12-15″	Z5-10
Silver Dragon	Muscari	8-12″	8-12″	Slow	8-12″	Z5-10
Monroe White	Muscari	12-18″	12-15″	Moderate	12-15″	Z5-10
Super Blue	Muscari	12-18″	12-15″	Moderate	12-15″	Z5-10
Okina	Muscari	10-15″	10-12″	Slow	10-12″	Z5-10
Majestic	Muscari	15-24″	15-20″	Moderate-Fast	18-24″	Z5-10
Isabella	Muscari	10-15″	10-12″	Slow	10-12″	Z5-10
Silvery Sunproof	Muscari	10-14″	10-12″	Moderate	10-12″	Z5-10
Peedee Ingot	Muscari	12-18″	12-15″	Moderate	12-15″	Z5-10
Christmas Tree	Muscari	12-18″	12-15″	Moderate	12-15″	Z5-10
Liriope Spicata	Spicata	8-15″	Spreads	Fast	12-18″	Z4-9
Franklin Mint	Spicata	8-12″	Spreads	Moderate	12-15″	Z4-9
Alba	Spicata	10-15″	Spreads	Moderate-Fast	12-18″	Z4-9
Mondo Grass	Ophiopogon	6-10″	Slow	Slow	6-8″	Z5-10
Dwarf Mondo	Ophiopogon	2-4″	Slow	Very Slow	4-6″	Z5-10
Black Mondo	Ophiopogon	6-10″	Slow	Slow	6-8″	Z5-10
Nana Mondo	Ophiopogon	2-3″	Minimal	Extremely Slow	3-4″	Z5-10

PLANT SPACING CHART FOR GROUND COVERAGE

SPACING FOR QUICK COVERAGE (12-18 months)

Variety	Spacing	Plants per 100 sq ft	Coverage Time
Liriope Spicata	12-18″	40-70 plants	12-15 months
Big Blue	12-18″	40-70 plants	18-24 months
Evergreen Giant	18-24″	25-40 plants	24-30 months
Mondo Grass	6-8″	180-250 plants	18-24 months

SPACING FOR MODERATE COVERAGE (18-30 months)

Variety	Spacing	Plants per 100 sq ft	Coverage Time
Monroe White	12-15″	50-90 plants	20-24 months
Royal Purple	12-15″	50-90 plants	20-24 months
Franklin Mint	12-15″	50-90 plants	24-30 months

SPACING FOR SLOW COVERAGE (24-36+ months)

Variety	Spacing	Plants per 100 sq ft	Coverage Time
Silver Dragon	8-12″	100-180 plants	24-30 months
Okina	10-12″	80-120 plants	28-36 months
Dwarf Mondo	4-6″	300-450 plants	24-36 months
Black Mondo	6-8″	180-250 plants	30-40 months
Nana Mondo	3-4″	700-1000+ plants	36-48+ months

GROWTH RATE COMPARISON

Variety	Growth Rate	Annual Growth	Time to Maturity	Maintenance
Liriope Spicata	Very Fast	18-24″	12-18 months	High (control)
Majestic	Fast	15-20″	24-30 months	Moderate
Big Blue	Moderate	12-18″	24-30 months	Low
Evergreen Giant	Moderate	15-20″	30-36 months	Moderate
Variegata	Moderate	10-15″	30-36 months	Low
Monroe White	Moderate	12-15″	24-36 months	Low
Mondo Grass	Slow	6-12″	36-48 months	Very Low
Black Mondo	Slow	6-10″	36-48 months	Low
Dwarf Mondo	Very Slow	3-6″	48-60 months	Very Low
Nana Mondo	Extremely Slow	2-4″	60-72+ months	Very Low

SELECTION BY PURPOSE

BEST FOR BORDERS & EDGING

Variety	Height	Characteristics	Cost
Big Blue	12-18″	Popular, reliable	$
Variegata	10-15″	Variegated foliage	$$
Silver Dragon	8-12″	Silver striped, shade	$$$
Isabella	10-15″	Compact, reliable	$$
Mondo Grass	6-10″	Fine texture	$$$

BEST FOR GROUND COVER

Variety	Coverage Rate	Size	Cost
Liriope Spicata	Very Fast	8-15″	$
Franklin Mint	Moderate-Fast	8-12″	$$
Alba	Moderate-Fast	10-15″	$$
Mondo Grass	Slow	6-10″	$$$

BEST FOR DECORATIVE/ORNAMENTAL

Variety	Feature	Effect	Cost
Black Mondo	Dark foliage	Modern contrast	$$$
Peedee Ingot	Golden foliage	Color accent	$$$
Royal Purple	Deep flowers	Color highlight	$$
Monroe White	White flowers	Bright contrast	$$
Okina	Variegated leaves	Unique foliage	$$$

BEST FOR SMALL SPACES

Variety	Height	Spread	Cost
Dwarf Mondo	2-4″	Minimal	$$$
Nana Mondo	2-3″	Minimal	$$$$
Silver Dragon	8-12″	8-12″	$$$
Isabella	10-15″	10-12″	$$

BEST FOR SHADE

Variety	Shade Tolerance	Height	Characteristics
Liriope Spicata	Full shade	8-15″	Spreads in shade
Mondo Grass	Full shade	6-10″	Excellent shade
Variegata	Part shade	10-15″	Color best in shade
Silver Dragon	Part-Full shade	8-12″	Prefers shade
Okina	Part shade	10-15″	Shade preferred

EXTENDED 50+ GROUND COVER PLANTS LIST

GROUP 1: LIRIOPE & OPHIOPOGON (MONKEY GRASS FAMILY)

Liriope muscari – Clumping monkey grass
Liriope muscari ‘Big Blue’ – Blue-flowering variety
Liriope muscari ‘Variegata’ – Variegated foliage
Liriope muscari ‘Evergreen Giant’ – Large clumping variety
Liriope muscari ‘Royal Purple’ – Deep purple flowers
Liriope muscari ‘Silver Dragon’ – Silver striped, shade
Liriope muscari ‘Monroe White’ – White flowers
Liriope muscari ‘Super Blue’ – Bright blue flowers
Liriope muscari ‘Okina’ – Cream-edged foliage
Liriope muscari ‘Majestic’ – Large growing variety
Liriope muscari ‘Isabella’ – Compact variety
Liriope muscari ‘Silvery Sunproof’ – Silver variegated
Liriope muscari ‘Peedee Ingot’ – Golden foliage
Liriope muscari ‘Christmas Tree’ – Distinctive form
Liriope spicata – Spreading monkey grass
Liriope spicata ‘Franklin Mint’ – Variegated spreader
Liriope spicata ‘Alba’ – White-flowering spreader
Ophiopogon japonicus – Standard mondo grass
Ophiopogon japonicus ‘Compactus’ – Dwarf mondo grass
Ophiopogon japonicus ‘Nigrescens’ – Black mondo grass
Ophiopogon japonicus ‘Nana’ – Mini mondo grass

GROUP 2: SEDUMS & SUCCULENTS

Sedum album – White stonecrop
Sedum acre – Golden carpet sedum
Sedum ‘Autumn Fire’ – Color-changing sedum
Sedum spurium – Two-row stonecrop
Sedum ‘Dragon’s Blood’ – Red sedum
Sedum kamschaticum – Orange stonecrop
Sempervivum – Hens and chicks

GROUP 3: VINCA & CREEPING FLOWERS

Vinca minor – Common periwinkle
Vinca minor ‘Illumination’ – Variegated periwinkle
Vinca major – Greater periwinkle
Vinca major ‘Variegata’ – Variegated greater periwinkle
Ajuga reptans – Bugleweed
Ajuga ‘Atropurpurea’ – Purple bugleweed
Saxifraga stolonifera – Strawberry begonia
Pratia pedunculata – Blue star creeper

GROUP 4: SEDGE & GRASS ALTERNATIVES

Carex oshimensis ‘Evergold’ – Japanese sedge
Carex pennsylvanica – Pennsylvania sedge
Carex flacca – Blue sedge
Acorus gramineus – Sweet flag
Acorus gramineus ‘Ogon’ – Golden sweet flag

GROUP 5: HERBACEOUS GROUND COVERS

Lamium maculatum – Spotted deadnettle
Lamium ‘White Nancy’ – White deadnettle
Lysichiton americanus – Skunk cabbage
Houttuynia cordata – Chameleon plant
Duchesnea indica – Indian strawberry
Fragaria vesca – Alpine strawberry
Waldsteinia fragarioides – Barren strawberry
Glechoma hederacea – Ground ivy
Epigaea repens – Trailing arbutus
Galium odoratum – Sweet woodruff
Hedera helix – English ivy (varied cultivars)

DESIGN RECOMMENDATIONS

RECOMMENDED VARIETIES BY LANDSCAPE TYPE

FORMAL GARDENS

Big Blue Liriope (structured beds)
Mondo Grass (fine edging)
Dwarf Mondo (detail work)

NATURALISTIC GARDENS

Liriope Spicata (spreading coverage)
Mondo Grass (shade areas)
Black Mondo (dark accents)

MODERN GARDENS

Black Mondo Grass (dramatic contrast)
Peedee Ingot (golden accents)
Evergreen Giant (bold structure)

SHADE GARDENS

Silver Dragon (variegated shade)
Variegata Liriope (light-up dark areas)
Mondo Grass (full shade tolerant)
Okina (ornamental shade)

SUNNY GARDENS

Big Blue Liriope (reliable sun performer)
Silvery Sunproof (sun-tolerant variegation)
Royal Purple (bright flowers)
Super Blue (prolific flowering)

FAQs: Monkey grass Border

Q: What’s the difference between Liriope Muscari and Liriope Spicata?

A: Muscari is clumping (stays in mounds), Spicata spreads via rhizomes. Muscari is more ornamental, and Spicata is better for large ground cover.

Q: How long does monkey grass take to mature?

A: Liriope Muscari: 2-3 years. Liriope Spicata: 1-2 years. Mondo Grass: 3-4 years.

Q: Can I grow monkey grass in full shade?

A: Yes – Mondo Grass and Liriope Spicata excel in shade. Most Muscari varieties tolerate part to full shade.

Q: What’s the best spacing for monkey grass?

A: Muscari clumping types: 12-18″. Spicata spreaders: 12-18″. Mondo Grass: 6-8″. Tight spacing = faster coverage.

Q: Is monkey grass invasive?

A: Liriope Spicata can spread aggressively. Muscari and Mondo are less invasive. Use barriers in aggressive spreading types.

Q: How often should I water new monkey grass?

A: Regular watering during the first growing season. Once established, monkey grass is drought-tolerant (except Silver Dragon/Okina).

Q: Can I mow monkey grass?

A: Yes – cut back in late winter/early spring. Mondo Grass: mow 1-2 times yearly. Liriope: optional pruning.

Q: What’s the best monkey grass for borders?

A: Big Blue, Variegata, or Silver Dragon Liriope. Mondo Grass for fine-textured edging.

Q: How do I control spreading Liriope Spicata?

A: Use borders or barriers. Deadhead flowers to prevent self-seeding. Prune edges seasonally.

Q: What’s the hardiest monkey grass?

A: Liriope Muscari (USDA Z5-10) and Liriope Spicata (Z4-9) are very hardy. Mondo Grass is hardy to Z5-10.

BOTTOM LINE: MONKEY GRASS SELECTION CHECKLIST

For Borders & Edging:

✅ Big Blue Liriope
✅ Variegata Liriope
✅ Mondo Grass

For Ground Cover:

✅ Liriope Spicata
✅ Franklin Mint
✅ Mondo Grass

For Ornamental Interest:

✅ Black Mondo
✅ Royal Purple
✅ Peedee Ingot

For Shade:

✅ Silver Dragon
✅ Mondo Grass
✅ Liriope Spicata

For Small Spaces:

✅ Dwarf Mondo
✅ Nana Mondo
✅ Isabella

RESOURCES

Liriope & Ophiopogon Cultivation Guide: Growing and Maintenance Best Practices Cover Plant Selection: A Comprehensive guide to 100+ ground cover options

Landscape Design Principles: Professional design techniques using ground covers

DISCLAIMER

This guide provides information on monkey grass and ground cover plants. Consult local extension services for growing recommendations specific to your region. To find local gardening advice, look up your state’s Cooperative Extension website or contact your county Extension office. You can also join local gardening clubs or ask staff at reputable local nurseries for expert, location-specific tips. All plants should be grown per the manufacturer/horticultural specifications; research local invasive-species regulations before planting spreading varieties.